{
  "id": "2025-sagaing-recurring-shutdowns",
  "title": "Recurring township-level shutdowns across Sagaing Region, 2025",
  "class": "regional",
  "type": "full_blackout",
  "status": "ongoing",
  "date_start": "2025-01-29T00:00:00.000Z",
  "scope": {
    "regions": [
      "Sagaing"
    ],
    "townships": [
      "Tamu",
      "Homalin",
      "Kale",
      "Kani",
      "Budalin",
      "Banmauk",
      "Chaung-U",
      "Pale",
      "Monywa",
      "Salingyi",
      "Indaw"
    ],
    "asns": [],
    "operators": []
  },
  "confidence": "verified_ground",
  "detection_sequence": [
    {
      "layer": "stop",
      "at": "2025-01-29T00:00:00.000Z",
      "summary": "First of 15 Access Now STOP records for Sagaing Region townships through 2025 (Tamu township).",
      "signal_ids": []
    },
    {
      "layer": "stop",
      "at": "2025-12-18T00:00:00.000Z",
      "summary": "Most recent of the 15 records (Indaw township, ended Dec 31, 2025).",
      "signal_ids": []
    },
    {
      "layer": "media",
      "at": "2026-03-31T00:00:00.000Z",
      "summary": "Myanmar Internet Project (via EngageMedia/RFA), Jan–Mar 2026 quarterly: Sagaing remained the single most-affected region nationally — 27 townships hit by 196 airstrikes, and 96% of nationwide airstrikes during the quarter occurred in areas under internet shutdown. Myanmar Now separately reports the junta cutting internet 'indefinitely' to Sagaing as a resistance stronghold. Confirms the recurring-shutdown PATTERN (not any single constituent incident) continues well past this event's most recent individual record — consistent with the event's own framing as a pattern rather than one continuous blackout.",
      "signal_ids": []
    }
  ],
  "verified_by": [
    "access_now",
    "media"
  ],
  "narrative": "DRAFT — needs an editor rewrite, and needs an editorial decision on whether this grouping is the right presentation. This is NOT one continuous blackout — it groups 15 separate Access Now STOP records across 11 different Sagaing Region townships (Tamu, Homalin, Kale ×3, Kani ×2, Budalin, Banmauk, Chaung-U, Pale, Monywa, Salingyi, Indaw) spanning January through December 2025, each a discrete, mostly short (days-long where an end date is recorded) military-council shutdown tied to local fighting, offensives, or jamming. 6 of the 15 records have a confirmed STOP end date (durations ranging roughly 1–10 days); the other 9 are \"Unknown\" status with no end date. The pattern itself (recurrent Sagaing township shutdowns throughout the year) is well-evidenced; treating it as a single \"event\" with one date_start is an editorial simplification for this schema — full per-incident detail is preserved in the underlying STOP records, not lost, and data_links below export all 15 constituent records, not just the representative two in detection_sequence. Scope decision confirmed (maintainer research, 2026-07): grouping affirmed — kept as a single event rather than splitting high-population townships (e.g. Monywa) into their own entries. 2025 digital-repression reporting consistently frames Sagaing shutdowns as a region-wide, pattern-based campaign (recurring, junta-imposed blackouts tied to counter-insurgency operations) rather than isolated single-town incidents, and splitting out individual townships would create many near-duplicate event pages describing the same underlying campaign. Underlying per-township/per-record detail remains fully queryable in the exported CSV/JSON regardless.\n",
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Access Now STOP Dataset — 15 Sagaing Region records, 2025",
      "url": "https://www.accessnow.org/keepiton/"
    },
    {
      "label": "Myanmar Internet Project: Report on Communication Disruptions and Impacts in Regions Affected By Airstrikes (Jan–Mar 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.myanmarinternet.info/post/airstrike_and_internet_shutdown_jan_mar_2026"
    },
    {
      "label": "Myanmar Now: junta cuts off internet access 'indefinitely' to resistance stronghold of Sagaing",
      "url": "https://myanmar-now.net/en/news/myanmar-junta-cuts-off-internet-access-indefinitely-to-resistance-stronghold-of-sagaing"
    },
    {
      "label": "Myanmar Internet Project: 2025 Yearly Report on Digital Repression in Myanmar",
      "url": "https://www.myanmarinternet.info/post/yearly_report_2025-1"
    },
    {
      "label": "The Irrawaddy: Sagaing Region Internet Shut Down Amid Myanmar Junta Raids",
      "url": "https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/sagaing-region-internet-shut-down-amid-myanmar-junta-raids.html"
    }
  ],
  "data_links": {
    "csv": "/data/events/2025-sagaing-recurring-shutdowns.csv",
    "json": "/data/events/2025-sagaing-recurring-shutdowns.json"
  },
  "technical_corroboration": {
    "layer": "ioda",
    "last_checked": "2026-07-20T00:00:00.000Z",
    "result": "inconclusive"
  }
}